What is FTP?

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an Internet-connected computer to another (in both directions) to transfer files given to the development of an internet protocol and application software that makes this work is the general name. It is one of the first developed Internet protocols. While another computer to transfer files from another computer with the FTP protocol, then the computer with interactive-simultaneously (on-line) connection is established and with the help of a set of commands provided by the protocol receive files between two computers / export transactions are conducted.

What you need to FTP?

FTP do is a statement describing the action half English, half in Turkish on a computer to connect with the FTP protocol. To FTP
The computer will connect to the internet address (in numerical or symbolic format)
calculate the corresponding user ID and password if we want to achieve we can connect to computer files
With Internet access, a computer with an FTP client software on
The computer will connect tries to interpret the status of the FTP protocol commands in a FTP Service program (FTP Site)
is required.

How the connection is provided via FTP?

The connection identifier name (host name) or can be done in two ways, using the Internet number. However, in practice the identifier name is used more often. For the connection to be made; FTP is used to connect to the desired format identifier name. To cut off the connection to a machine with a close connection to connect to another machine before, it established a new connection with open machine name. Em embroidered using the basic Unix commands are performed after the connection is established via FTP.
How to FTP? What are the basic FTP commands?
General usage: ftp <address of the machine to do the ftp> is the form. After that, when connected to a corresponding computer, user ID and password (password) you will be asked. Then, it would have to connect to the user's machine. In this way, in an interactive environment (usually ftp> indicated by) giving some commands two machines between file operations, some also in the connected machine basic file / disk operations (directory open, delete files, etc.) can be done. Some basic FTP commands and brief descriptions are listed below .:

Standard FTP commands:

cd: change directory (cd <directory name>) (cd ..: go to a front from the current directory)
PWD: give the name of the current directory
dir: to list files in the current directory
ls: Listing as short files in the current directory (Example uses: ls -l are: detailed, reverse alphabetical listing; ls -l is | more: pages listing (if you have too many files in the directory, this usage is quite useful))
See: File Import (See <filename> (<I alındıktan_sonraki_a>). (<alındıktan_sonraki_a I> is optional, it can be used. In this case the same filename will be used.
idol: File sending (put <filename> (<I göndereceğimiz_yerdeki_a>)
mget: Used when asked to take multiple files. Sample uses: mget * .zip, MGET a *. * Etc ..
mput: Used when you are prompted to send multiple files.
ascii: Specifies ASCII transfer mode will be used as the file transfer.
Binary Specify the BINARY transfer mode will be used as the file transfer. Archive files (ZIP, ARJ, zoom, zoom, hqx etc.), operable program (.exe, .com), image format programs (gif, jpeg, etc.) without FTP / or must be given the command before being sent.
DELETE: Deleting a file in place with FTP (delete <file name> is a command you can use if you are authorized) mkdir Create a new directory where the FTP done that (mkdir <directory name>, if your authority is a command that you can use if available)
rmdir: delete the FTP performed in an empty directory (rmdir <directory name>, if it is a command that you can use if you are authorized) help: remove a help screen that can be used on command.
LCD: without leaving the FTP environment, enabling you to change directories on your own machine.
close: without leaving the FTP environment, just used to close the link.
Quit: to close the exit from the FTP environment and communication (by command is the same thing).
Some FTP centers, have the ability to compress an entire directory. For example, a subdirectory called linux, linux GET linux.zip can get compressed form. However, this feature may not be in the center of each FTP.


Billet transfer

See the file transfers to be made through the Internet, mget, put and mput command is used. However, depending on the file type to be transferred must be selected transfer type. There are two kinds of transfer type of the Internet.

Ascii: Computers are suitable for the transfer of text between files.

Binary: Text with or without the image used for the transfer of programs or files. Extension z, exe, zip, tar, com, sys, eyes or PS file which should be in the binary type. Z wherein Z, zip, tar, gz extension that indicates that the index is compressed that file Postcript the PS structure. Appropriate programs are required to register with the opening after the transfer process.

Two examples of the use of these commands.
ftp> ascii
200 Type set to A. Ascii Transfer Registers
ftp> get news.txt
200 PORT command successful.
150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for news.txt (42 390 bytes).
226 Transfer complete.
42553 bytes received in 6.9 seconds (6 Kbytes / s).

ftp> binary
200 Type set to I. Binary Transfer Registers
ftp> get news.zip
200 PORT command successful.
150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for news.txt (42 390 bytes).
226 Transfer complete.
42 390 bytes received in 7.2 seconds (5.8 Kbytes / s).
While files transfer, the "wild card" called the use of wildcards
possible. For example;
ftp> mget news *
where news articles will be understood that the words inside if you want to copy all logs and desirability of individual questioning copy of this file will be made. If desired, the index moved without questioning the "prompt" should be putting porpoises. All copying to do so again given that it will be held unquestioned command. The use of compressed logs during data transfer leads to a considerable gain from the emergence of both tangible and opening times. However, rather than compressed file of which means that it is necessary to know which programs will bring reinstatement. The following information is based on the extension for the opening of a compressed file.

Finding the requested FTP Base (archie)

Asking a file (or program) and the easy and quick way to find the FTP is to use the base to which it belongs archie command. It has been developed at McGill University, holding open the ftp file names in the archive that allows the user to the public in a database and a system that questioning it. The database is periodically updated and is well located with the help of McGill main server is compatible with the other servers are available. Archie command by scanning over 1,000 anonymous ftp source is controlled information at 100 gigabytes. This command by selecting the source file where the user is given the name fits, summarized in a sequential manner. If desired process outgoing calls can be stored in a text file. Information is provided monthly list is handled where a renewed topicality. To use archie -paremetr structure are key words are used. Listelenmişit briefly below are some of the parameters that can be used herein. Wherein the parameters vary depending on the type used and the features of the computer program archie. When running programs used in the Windows environment are among the icons of these parameters.

o: file name in which to store the query results (not supported in all software)
l: provides results in the future format of each line of the summarized results of the questioning.
p: Scanning upper / lower case does not make distinction.
c: Scanning upper / lower case distinction is made.
e: scan fully with names matching the given keywords. Upper / lower case distinction is made.

Example: Search for the desired file name to get vine.tar.z,
$ Archie vine.tar.z
Host athene.uni-paderborn. in
********: / Local / X11 / more_contrib
FILE -rw-r - r-- 18 854 Nov 15 1990 vine.tar.z
Host was emx.utexas.e
********: / Lpub / mnt / source / games
FILE -rw-r - r-- 12019 vine.tar.z May 7 1988
Host was export.lcs.mit.e
********: / Contrib
FILE -rw-r - r-- 15548 Oct 90 00:29 vine.tar.z
Search results are listed in the form.

The FTP File Downloads

The Internet to download files in a file that is one of the most popular use of the Internet to transfer to your computer. These files may be of many different types. Programs can run on your own computer; graphics files, and music that you can listen to audio files or text files that you can read. Every day tens of thousands of files downloaded from the Internet. Most of them briefly with FTP can send files to other computers on the Internet from your own computer.

Many other Internet resources, such as FTP client / server model to work with. FTP client to connect to an FTP server on the Internet (user) must run the software. The FTP server, FTP daemon (daemon) allowing you to download a software file and send called.


Enter an account number to an FTP site and to provide input to give permission to download a file daemon (Once users or name) and password must be entered. Some of the sites to everyone entering the site, but they allow downloads account number (or username) and password must be entered again. In general, users of the site as it AID to enter "anonymous" (unnamed) do you use your e-mail address as your password. This is why it's called anonymous FTP sites to such sites. Some FTP sites are private and just the right account
number and wastage which they give access to specific people.

FTP is quite simple to use. In yüklendiğinz to an FTP site, you can scroll through the available files by changing directory and you can see existing files in each directory. When faced with a file you want to download, providing users with software commands you can send this file to the FTP server.

The World Wide Web's popularity is even easier to download the software increases. And clicked on links to files using a web browser, but behind the scenes the FTP file download that again 'is. Still most FTP download files from the Web and the Internet
path is used. The Web's HTTP protocol used to download the file. But FTP is not used as often not enough.

An emerging problem in downloading files from the Internet, some of the files to be great and is taking a long time to download these files. Even at 28,800 bps to download the file may be too slow. It is a compression method that is used to speed up file transfers over FTP and to save space. (to shrink the size of files using special software). Many different methods can be used to compress files. Depending on the file types, files may compress at a ratio of 10 to 50%. After downloading the files using compression software, you download the compressed files must bring reinstated. Thus it becomes possible to use the file.

ANONYMOUS What is FTP?

During FTP operations, the security, the machine will connect the user ID (User Name) and password (Password) need to know the information (program, they will ask us). Connected machinery, like a personalized and password will only be a machine as we know, can be a public archive center. To ensure a uniform user ID to access the file can easily take everybody to such centers have been identified: anonymous or ftp
When anonymous FTP to these centers as a user name (or if ftp) entered us as we enter our password OWN e-mail address is requested. The password is not visible when writing. Do not let this surprise you !!! Never enter the password for the computer you are using as a password! For example;
ftp.itu.edu.t ftp ftp user's password [email protected] (writing INVISIBLE)
administered. Here, entering the e-mail address as your password is usually for statistical purposes. In the anonymous ftp password does not need to be entered via the Web.



Below is ftp.metu.edu.t (METU Library) it shows an example had made anonymous FTP. User wrote the script and dark, others are lighter.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ftp ftp.metu.edu.t
Connected to 144.122.1.101 port 21
220 rorqual FTP server (Version wi-2.4 (4) Mon Nov 14 12:52:17 MEST 1994) ready.
USER (identify yourself to the host ftp
>>> USER ftp
331 Guest login ok, send your complete e-mail address as password.
Password: ******
>>> PASS xxxxxx 230 - ########################################### ####### ########################
230 - ## Welcome to the Middle East Technical University Archive ## 230 - ################################## ################ ########################
230-
230-Hello is [email protected]!
230-You are the 12 anonymous user.
230-Maximum number of users allowed is 100.
230-Mirrored sites are placed under the directory / pub / mirrors
230-This archive is maintained by the [email protected]
230-
230- ATTENTION!
230-
230- You can reach this archive via the FSP at the port 21.
230-
230- We have some aliases for directory names: `quote site alias' will list them
230- Also, you can reach via `These directories alias cd-dir 'command
230- independent of your current ********; e.g.,
230- CD `gnu 'instead of` cd / pub / 2mirrors / gnu'.
230-
230-
230-
230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply.
ftp> dir
>>> PORT 160,75,2,203,21,15
200 PORT command successful.
>>> LIST 150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for / bin / ls.
total 72
--- drwxrwxr ftp-admin 512 may 1st 2276 04:59 admin
drwxr-xr-x 2 276 512 ftp-admin Aug 23 1994 thousand
drwxr-xr-x 2 276 512 ftp-admin on May 5 08:20 giant
drwxr-xr-x 2 276 512 ftp-admin Nov 16 08:19 etc
drwxr-xr-x 2 276 512 ftp-admin Aug 22 1994 lib
drwxrwxr ftp-admin 512 --- 6276 Apr 11 11:40 log
May 5 1024 04:52 drwxrwxrwx 2 root system lost + found
drwxr-sr-x 18 276 512 ftp-admin May 11 4:56 pubs
drwxr-xr-x 3276 ftp-admin Aug 22 1994 512 usr
226 Transfer complete.
ftp> cd pub
>>> CWD pub
250 CWD command successful.
ftp>
How to FTP via the Web?

The general trend in recent times, more resourceful and accessible to all Internet services and the use of interactive media as an interactive service different way presents itself. The most popular of these environments face = Arial color = # 0000FF Web World Wide Web 'is. Many internet services, including FTP, and many additional features available through this medium. Thus, in another way of doing FTP, FTP over it is to make the Web. This method is easier to use both terms (to memorize commands, / know you do not have) and you'll get more effective results. A binary file, accidentally, be able to get easily in ASCII mode with standard FTP programs. Such drawbacks are eliminated in ftp conducted over the Web. Also, because of the useful features like Bookmark and cache also has some amenities that they provide these environments. Most afforded by the Web client should not forget the graphic interface specification. Thus, for instance, as soon as you get a picture file in the standard image formats which can send the image to the screen. FTP to do this "different, friendly and beautiful" you can find ways to face = Arial color = # 0000FF the Web section.
VM / CMS doing via FTP. It can not be anonymous ftp password in my own e-mail address. What is the problem?
Problems seen in e-mail address "@" character in the default (hypothesized) as the last line of the VM system (end line) defined as character stems. FTP without ago, "LINEND TERM OFF" command If the data problems will disappear. If you put this command as a separate line into your PROFILE EXEC file (in this case, the nail on ('TERM LINEND OFF as) and you may be required) all of your machine time you get rid of typing this command.
Anonymous FTP While such trouble and you do not want to deal with these two giving a username and password written in the following REXX EXEC file "MYFTP EXEC" save as. In the program, queue "anonymous" userid () "@ vm.cc.itu.edu.t" then the @ sign instead of the line from the vm.cc.itu.edu.t Write your own domain address.
MYFTP <address of the machine to do the ftp>
as anonymous FTP will do more comfortable. (You will not have to enter username and password).
------------------------> Cut here <----------------------
/ * MYFTP EXEC * /
/ * * /
Parse Arg is ftp_add
If ftp_add is = "" the help of signal
queue "anonymous" userid () "@ vm.cc.itu.edu.t is"
Push the "FTP" is ftp_add
exit
Help: Say 'Use Format: MYFTP ftp-address'

------------------------> Cut here <----------------------
VM / CMS doing via FTP. The names of the file where I made some very interesting FTP. How can I get them in the GET command? (GET <filename> command gives an error)
This problem VM / CMS file naming system stems from the differences. GET command format for VM:
GET <was alinacak_dosya_a> <I alindigindaki_ismi.uzantisi.mo>
It is given in the form. For example, if we want to get a file from the FTP archive of INDEX is connected we can say index.txt GET INDEX. In this case the file will be saved to disk in TXT INDEX name. -index.tar.z is to take a sample file we created T disk temporarily we want. GET command appropriate in this case; GET-index.tar.z can S_INDEX.TARZ.T sample. (And do not forget to transfer the binary file format of the original format !!!). Thus, the relevant files will be copied S_INDEX STYLE T disk.
While FTP, how do I take a look at the file?
You can not. You should transfer a file to view it. Without leaving the FTP environment, you can list a file you receive. For this reason, UNIX '! Cat <filename>', VM / CMS 'CMS type <file name>' to dos '! Type <filename>' is used. The data from these commands without leaving the FTP environment. If Netscape, you're FTP with a Web client, such as Mosaic, etc., the program "setup" a BROWSER for the type of file to be transferred from the heat (viewer) by defining program (this txt file (text file) to an editor), you can direct file transfer to the screen. Web not only TXT files, as the files in other formats (audio, images, video, etc.) will be redirected to the transfer while the screen.
How do I find out which is the center of the FTP a file that I know your name?
This makes the system work is called Arch. Open to all, with thousands Archie (anonymous) databases that are stored millions of files on the FTP heart is scanned and searched file (if any) which are communicated to the person questioned together with subdirectories about that FTP centers. ARCHIE, the different services in the world, Archie (Archie Servers) ARCHIE program directly, also via Telnet is available by connecting directly to the service provider and the questioning is done. Archie inquiries can also be made by e-mail. To summarize the operation,
ARCHIE Archie use a local schedule: ARCHIE eudora -> named t eudora which files / sub-directory lists their names with the FTP centers.
Archie through Gopher: Gopher through the relevant menu finds, by entering the word about your yaptırıs scanning from the Scan menu. Objects related to the scan results are presented as a menu. Ftp files will be selected from the menu.
Web through Archie: I have a few CGI form supporting Archie. It is a bit more talented on the Web; archie server, you can select the type of scan. You can get the file with the scan results again ftp you want.
use Archie by e-mail: Archie service provider, an e-mail message on the 'help' command of the command can be taken about which can be used if sent by e-mail access.
ARCHIE use Telnet: After Telnet to Archie service provider, the user name 'Archie' must be entered. Then, information about the commands can be used with the help command.
Some archie services are archie.internic.net was archie.rutgers.e, archie.sura.net, archie.doc.ic.ac.uk, archie.funet.f of the archie.th-darmstadt., archie.uqa I ., the archie.ans.net
It is also a good service you can do so via the web browsing FTP Search. face = Arial color = # 0000FF http://ftpsearch.ntnu.no/ftpsearch this service, with a good user interface and rich options, giving us the sites and directories where we seek information programs.
face = Arial color = # 0000FF Welcome to Software.co service also can be used for similar purposes.
While a file via FTP, for any reason, the connection was interrupted. I can then continue the transfer from where?
The problems we face, especially in low-speed modem connection and made with !. If the file transfer is unfinished, you have a chance to continue to transfer may not always where you left off. Standard FTP will not allow it. However, some ftp sites "such the half-transmission" can allow. In this case, the FTP program you use (ReGet, resume, etc.) If so commands, you can continue where you left to transfer. If Win95 / NT If you are connecting from the bottom, CuteFTP (face = Arial color = # 0000ffhttp: //www.cuteftp.co I) will solve the problems of this type. Also, BulletProof FTP also does similar work. At the same time, the web (http), this program can directly transfer over. For more information address: face = Arial color = # 0000ffhttp: I //www.bpftp.co. Both program, also available from Tucows archive Raksnet (face = Arial color = # 0000ffhttp: //tucows.raksnet.com.tr/tucows/window95.html)
Are there issues that need to be considered when the FTP?
Of course there !! Usually it will cost a lot of wasted time to pay attention to the following points.
EXE, transfer files such as .ZIP, etc. BINARY (Transfer). As FTP (usually) default export format ASCII is.
Anonymous FTP, you enter into a directory, usually the name of there file bytes in size, it is the short description line indicating the date and content 'Readme (readme) file (sometimes INDEX files) are. First read ASCII files that you receive will be of great help.
Anonymous FTP, enter your password as PLEASE e-mail address correctly. Some FTP centers, improper entering of the e-mail address (or omitted and empty transition to) the case does not allow you to FTP.
Unix / small capitalization distinction always keep that in mind. Specifically, type the name of the file you will transfer full and small / big letters to type the same distinction and attention.
The computer you use operating system specific constraints / features useful to know. (not on local file name, such as file so you can use the features on the so-called visual content for example, the DOS operating system, there are some restrictions to the file name and extension).

Anonymous FTP file submission and usage of incoming directory

If we want to send a file to the machine connected to the FTP, we do this by using the PUT command. We are sending a file to the machine connected to the anonymous FTP (ie write) is not about our -generally-. FTP sites, have opened a directory to enable users to put files in a certain time: the name of the incoming directory. usually root (root) directory, or at the pub (the pub / incoming) is located in. Anonymous FTP s, we have only the authority to write to the incoming directory. Subdirectories can be opened here, the program can copy (with PUT). Incoming particularly interesting programs they find on the Internet a nice environment to enable users to share with others. Some sites may be restricted to use in incoming tourism. These restrictions are different. Directory open the file to upload (send), delete files, incoming files in sight, some of the features such as the number of incoming files and length limits may be revoked or all etc.
There are certain rules we need to follow the incoming usage:
First of all, the incoming directory is open to everyone. Therefore, the number and size of the file should keep this field.
We should not forget that we put into the incoming file deletion after a while. However, we need to touch the file upload that others have.
licensed software in my income, inappropriate files, including files, etc. We should not keep prpoag career.
If you put a program is (for example unzip.exe), the program put a brief description file with the same name should give here a brief description (for example, unzip.txt in-file, we can say that pkzip.exe is a DOS program that opens ZIP files ).
When incoming coincides with the improper use, we notify the administrator about the FTP Site.

I do not have internet access. I can FTP by e-mail?

Yes, you can. by e-mail service that has sent the FTP command. These services send commands to the user via e-mail on behalf of affairs and results of the mail sender. If the user requests a file, it is usually in small parts as they have been UUEncode sent by e-mail (encode / decode on the information face = Arial color = # 0000FF Electronics can be found at mail E-mail section. In Turkey there is such a service. The name of this service 'Bilserv (Bilkent Mail Server). Bilserv Service has been working at Bilkent University.
Bilkent Mail Server:
Mail Server is a program with an automatic answering capability. [email protected] is, and [email protected] is, or in a file according to a command sent some information to [email protected] address and / or files to send to the specified address. The program is waiting for commands a certain syntax't; After reading the file that is sent if a serious error if the requested information and / or send files. ALWAYS program an acknowledgment message (in file) will be sent: where the error is, and will send a very brief summary of commands.
Mail Server is a multi-talented programs and FTP-based file offers many services besides. Bilkent more information about Mail Server, "face = Arial color = # 0000FF [email protected]'s address in an e-mail message can get by sending the HELP command. Also,
send bilkent-arsiv.txt
end
If you send to this address lines, Bilserv and can also access a document describing the Bilkent Library.
What is Graphic Interface FTP?
While FTP classic sense, we wrote a team with keyboard commands. Some programs developed in recent years with a user interface graphics without the need to give these commands make it possible to make it easier for FTP. FTP commands or pull-down / received from the pop-up menu; or various FTP commands are executed with a single mouse click. An example of this type of program PC / Windows running under is ws_ftp' developed by John Junod's. (Ipswitch.co'm from can). Unix environment xFTP / OFTP / mftp, there are programs such as ftptool. Gopher and FTP is similar to this type of ftp you make through the Web. Below, WS_FTP (version 4.10) for the classic screen shows the layout. Information on the left side of the local disk is started where we connect the right ones. The user help menu system to transfer files and perform some basic FTP operations.

How to run an FTP session?

FTP client, like many other Internet sources / server model works with. In this case, the FTP 's to use a client (user) program should work in their bilgisayarınızz. Runs user programs on your computer to start an FTP session, and you can not contact the FTP server where the file you want to download. There are hundreds of places where you can get the FTP client software. One of them is a software library in my ZDNet's www.hotfiles.co.